1.Trade Compliance

Covers the basic legal framework of import/export trade and mandatory export control requirements — the first compliance gate for Jiumo's 「Supply Chain Landing」 operational service.

1. The State permits the free import and export of goods and technologies, unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations.——Foreign Trade Law Art.16 Revised 27 Dec 2025, effective 1 Mar 2026 Presidential Decree No. 67

2. The State establishes a trade policy compliance mechanism aligned with international rules. State Council departments must conduct compliance assessments when formulating foreign trade policies.——Foreign Trade Law Art.7 Revised 27 Dec 2025

3. The State may prohibit or restrict import/export based on 12 grounds, including national security, human health protection, and domestic supply shortage.——Foreign Trade Law Art.18

4. The State imposes export control on dual-use items, military products, nuclear items, and other goods, technologies, and services related to national security and interests.——Export Control Law Art.2 Effective 1 Dec 2020, amended 2024

5. Items on the export control list require a licence for export; items not on the list but with identified control risks also require a licence.——Export Control Law Art.12

6. Export operators must submit end-user and end-use certification documents and may not change the end-user or end-use without authorisation.——Export Control Law Art.15

2.Sanctions & AML

Covers international sanctions screening, AML due diligence — the first security gate when Jiumo matches overseas clients under 「Supply Chain Landing」.

1. EU sanctions regulations are directly effective in all Member States (including the Netherlands). No entity may transact with sanctioned individuals or entities.——EU Treaty Art.29 + TFEU Art.215 EU Consolidated Sanctions List, regularly updated

2. The Dutch Sanctions Act criminalises sanctions violations; violators may face criminal prosecution and substantial fines.——Dutch Sanctions Act 1977 Modernisation bill in progress

3. Service providers must complete customer identification and verification (KYC due diligence) before establishing a business relationship.——Dutch AML Act (Wwft) Art.3 Effective 2008, regularly amended

4. Suspicious transactions potentially involving money laundering or terrorist financing must be reported to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU).——Dutch AML Act (Wwft) Art.4

5. Service providers must screen customers against sanctions lists.——Dutch AML Act (Wwft) Art.5

6. Service providers must identify and record the UBO of clients and register in the Dutch UBO register as required.——Wwft Art.10 + Implementing Decree Dutch UBO Act 2020

3.Environment & Sustainability

Covers the latest EU mandatory environmental requirements — the compliance basis for Jiumo to help clients build a sustainable European brand image under 「Brand Co-Forging」.

1. Operators must establish a due diligence system ensuring products do not originate from land deforested or degraded after 31 Dec 2020, and submit a due diligence statement.——EUDR Art.7 Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 Large operators: 30 Dec 2025 SMEs: 30 Jun 2026

2. Operators must collect traceability information including geographic coordinates, country of production, and compliance documentation.——EUDR Art.9

3. EUDR covered products: soy, palm oil, cattle, coffee, cocoa, rubber, wood, and their derived products.——EUDR Annex I

4. Packaging, E&E equipment, batteries, etc. are subject to EPR registration obligations, including recycling and recovery.——Packaging Directive 94/62/EC WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU Battery Directive 2006/66/EC

5. Packaging placed on the EU market must meet: minimum packaging, recyclable design, and recycling marking requirements.——Packaging Directive 94/62/EC New PPWR Regulation (EU) 2025/40

6. CBAM covers steel, cement, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity, hydrogen, etc. Importers must declare the embedded carbon and purchase CBAM certificates.——CBAM Regulation (EU) 2023/956 Transitional: from 1 Oct 2023 Full charge: from 1 Jan 2026

4.Contracts & Disputes

Covers core mandatory provisions of Sino-Dutch contract law and dispute resolution — the contract baseline for Jiumo's 「Supply Chain Landing」 service agreements and three-party cooperation.

1. A sales contract generally includes: subject matter, quantity, quality, price, performance period, packaging, inspection standards, and settlement method.——Civil Code Art.596 Effective 1 Jan 2021

2. Failure to perform due to force majeure results in partial or full exemption of liability based on the degree of impact.——Civil Code Art.590

3. Unspecified terms (quality, price, etc.) after contract effectiveness may be supplemented by agreement; absent agreement, determined by relevant contract terms or trade customs.——Civil Code Art.510

4. A contract binds parties not only to its express terms but also to what may be reasonably inferred from the principle of good faith (redelijkheid en billijkheid).——Dutch Civil Code Art.6:248 Effective 1992, regularly amended

5. A contract may be dissolved for breach, provided a reasonable cure period is granted to the defaulting party.——Dutch Civil Code Art.6:265

6. Contractual claims generally must be asserted within 5 years from the due date; limitation periods may vary for different claims.——Dutch Civil Code Art.3:306 & Art.3:310

5.Product Market Access

Covers mandatory market access requirements and certification standards for products entering the EU/Netherlands — the threshold that Jiumo's 「Supply Chain Landing」 helps factories understand to access the European market.

1. Products with CE marking sold remotely into the EU from outside must have an Economic Operator designated within the EU for compliance liaison.——Market Surveillance Regulation Art.4 Mandatory from 16 Jul 2021

2. Online marketplace platforms must cooperate with market surveillance authorities, provide seller identity information, and notify authorities of non-compliant products.——Market Surveillance Regulation Art.11

3. Chemical substances manufactured or imported into the EU at ≥1 tonne/year must be registered with ECHA.——REACH Art.5 Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Latest (EU) 2025/1731

4. Articles containing Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) above 0.1% concentration and >1 tonne/year must be notified to ECHA.——REACH Art.7

5. Exported products must not contain restricted chemical substances above allowed limits (REACH Annex XVII restriction list).——REACH Annex XVII

6. Medical devices must be classified by risk level (Class I-III) and obtain CE marking before marketing; Class IIa and above require Notified Body review.——EU MDR (Regulation (EU) 2017/745) Effective 26 May 2021

6.Cross-border Data Transfer

Covers core mandatory requirements for Sino-EU cross-border data transfer and personal information protection — the core compliance basis for Jiumo's ”Supply Chain Landing“ service when handling China-Netherlands data flows.

1. Personal data must be processed according to seven principles: lawfulness, fairness, transparency, purpose limitation, data minimisation, accuracy, and storage limitation.——GDPR Art.5 Regulation (EU) 2016/679 Effective 25 May 2018‘

2. Processing of personal data requires at least one lawful basis: consent, contractual necessity, legal obligation, legitimate interest, etc.——GDPR Art.6

3. Transfers of personal data outside the EU require one of: adequacy decision, Standard Contractual Clauses (SCC), Binding Corporate Rules (BCR), etc.——GDPR Art.44-49

4. GDPR fines: up to €10M or 2% global turnover for general violations; up to €20M or 4% for serious violations.——GDPR Art.83

5. Providing personal information overseas requires one of: passing CAC security assessment, signing the standard contract, or obtaining certification.——PIPL Art.38
Effective 1 Nov 2021

6. Overseas provision of personal information requires informing the data subject of the recipient's name, contact, and processing purpose, and obtaining separate consent.——PIPL Art.39